Tirzepatide is a dual GIP/GLP-1 receptor agonist, engineered as a single molecule that acts on two distinct incretin hormone pathways simultaneously, rather than targeting GLP-1 receptors alone as earlier-generation compounds do. GIP and GLP-1 are both released from the gut in response to food intake and play complementary roles in regulating insulin secretion, glucagon suppression, and gastric emptying. By engaging both receptors, tirzepatide has generated substantial research interest in how combined incretin signalling affects glucose homeostasis, insulin sensitivity, appetite regulation, and body weight compared to single-pathway approaches. Ongoing studies continue to explore its downstream effects on energy balance and metabolic markers, building on its distinctive dual-agonist mechanism of action.